Revised Bloom's Taxonomy

Categories and Cognitive Processes

Alternative Names

Definitions and Examples

Bloom's Taxonomy

1

Remember--Retrieve relevant knowledge from long-term memory.

Knowledge

1.1

Recognizing

Identifying

Locating knowledge in long-term memory that is consistent with presented material (e.g. recognizing dates of important events in history).

1.2

Recalling

Retrieving

Retrieving relevant knowledge from long-term memory (e.g. recalling dates of events in history).

2

Understand--Construct meaning  from instructional messages, including oral, written, and graphic communication.

Comprehension

2.1

Interpreting

Clarifying

Changing from one form of representation (e.g. numerical) to another (e.g. verbal) (e.g. Paraphrase important speeches and documents.

Paraphrasing

Representing

Translating

2.2

Exemplifying

Illustrating

Finding a specific example or illustration of a concept or principal (e.g., Give examples of various artistic painting styles).

Instantiating

2.3

Classifying

Categorizing

Determining that something belongs to a category (e.g., concept or principle) (e.g. Classify observed or described cases of mental disorders).

Subsuming

2.4

Summarizing

Abstracting

Abstracting a general theme or major point(s))) (e.g., Write a short summary of the events portrayed on a videotape.

Generalizing

2.5

Inferring

Concluding

Drawing a logical conclusion from presented information (e.g., In learning a foreign language, infer grammatical principles from examples).

Extrapolating

Interpolating

Predicting

2.6

Comparing

Contrasting

Detecting correspondences between two ideas, objects, and the like (e.g., Compare historical events to contemporary situations).

Mapping

Matching

2.7

Explaining

Constructing Models

Constructing a cause-and-effect model of a system (e. g., Explain the causes of an important event).

3

Apply--Carry out or use a procedure in a given situation.

Application

3.1

Executing

Carrying Out

Applying a procedure to a familiar task (e.g., Divide one whole number by another whole number, both with multiple digits).

3.2

Implementing

Using

Applying a procedure to an unfamiliar task (e.g. Using Newton's Second Law in situations where it is appropriate).

4

Analyze--Break material into its constituent parts and determine how the parts relate to one another or to an overall structure or procedure.

Analysis

4.1

Differentiating

Discriminating

Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant parts or important from unimportant parts of presented material (e.g., Distinguish between relevant and irrelevant numbers in a mathematical word problem.)

Distinguishing

Focusing

Selecting

4.2

Organizing

Finding Coherence

Determining how elements fit or function within a structure (e.g., Structure evidence in a historical description into evidence for and again a particular historical explanation.)

Integrating

Outlining

Parsing

Structuring

4.3

Attributing

Deconstructing

Determine a point of view, bias, values, or intent underlying presented material (e.g., Determine the point of view of the author in terms of his or her political perspective).

5

Evaluate--Make judgments based on criteria and standards.

Evaluation

5.1

Checking

Coordinating

Detecting inconsistencies or fallacies within a process or product; determining whether or a process or product has internal consistency; detecting the effectiveness of a procedure as it is being implemented (e.g., Determine if a scientist's conclusions follow from observed data).

Detecting

Monitoring

Testing

5.2

Critiquing

Judging

Detecting inconsistencies between a product and external criteria, determining whether a product has external consistency; detecting the appropriateness of a procedure for a given problem (e.g., Judge which of two methods is the best way to solve a given problem).

6

Create--Put elements together to form a coherent or functional whole; reorganize elements into a new pattern or structure.

Synthesis

6.1

Generating

Hypothesizing

Coming up with alternative hypotheses based on criteria (e.g., Generating hypotheses to account for an observed phenomenon).

6.2

Planning

Designing

Devising a procedure for accomplishing some task (e.g., Plan a research paper on a given historical topic).

6.3

Producing

Constructing

Inventing a product (e.g., build habitats for a specific purpose).